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I am having some difficulty working through Iain Thomson's post to the =
list, and I would appreciate some help Iain.
You assert:
>once the break occurs ...
>Other subtle inversions take place
>Eternal Return is now grounded in Will to Power
>(whereas before precisely the reverse was true)
I have not come across this notion of a "break" in the Nietzsche =
lectures before. However, my preliminary reading of the first lecture =
course (Wille zur Macht als Kunst, 1936-7) suggests to me that here also =
Eternal Return can be understood as grounded in Will to Power.
Why do I say this? I refer you to sections 4, 5 and 6 (in the Krell =
numbering, though working from the German). Section 4 (Die Einheit von =
Wille zur Macht, ewiger Wiederkehr und Umwertung) is explicit:
p 26 (Krell 18) "Aber inwiefern geh=F6ren die Lehre von der ewigen =
Wiederkunft des Gleichen und die vom Willen zur Macht wesentlich =
zusammen?"
[But to what extent do the doctrine of eternal recurrence of the same =
and the will to power belong essentially together?]
Heidegger adds on the same page:
"Der Ausdruck "Wille zur Macht" nennt den Grundcharakter des Seienden"
["The expression "will to power" names the basic character of beings.]
In the following pages we are warned always to think these two together. =
In section 5 (Der Aufbau des "Hauptwerks" Nietzsches Denkweise als =
Umkehren) Heidegger touches on the fact that thinking these two together =
may not mean thinking them as a synthesis, but precisely thinking them =
as an opposition, though always thinking them in relation to valuation. =
We then come to a kind of "saying of a turning" though articulated, not =
now by Heidegger, but by Nietzsche: (p 39 - Krell p 29) "die Wahrheit =
ist der Irrtum, und der Irrtum ist die Wahrheit" [Truth is error, and =
error is truth], which Heidegger reminds us can only be understood in =
the context of Nietzsche's fundamental position in opposition to all =
Western philosophy since Plato - his Um-wertung (re-valuation), =
Um-kehrung (re-versal) of metaphysics as such, which Heidegger always =
insists is also metaphysics.
Heidegger then moves to the new valuation. He asks "Welches ist das =
Prinzip der neuen Wertsetzung?"
["What is the principle of the new valuation?"]
He notes that "principle" (Latin principium) corresponds to Greek =
"arche". The principle can only be will to power. (p 41. "dieses =
Prinzip der neuen Wertsetzung nur der Wille zur Macht sein.")
What grounds as such, (what is the principle) is Will to Power. Will to =
Power grounds Eternal Recurrence? Or could it be that Eternal =
Recurrence grounds, as the heaviest (das groesste Schwergewicht - c.f. =
Die Ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen, Nietzsche Band I p 323) thought is =
what grounds? Or do they both ground? Or, as in the 1939 undelivered =
lecture course Die Ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen und der Wille zur Macht =
"Beide Gedanken denken metaphysisch, neuzeitlich und endgeschichtlich =
dasselbe." (Nietzsche Band II p 7, Krell IV p 61)
["Metaphysically both thoughts think the selfsame, modernly and =
end-historically"]
Which rather points us in the direction of their being thought not only =
together, but the each always out of the other. Which is what Heidegger =
says they should do in The Will to Power as Art, as either is grounded =
in the other as what comes about and comes to stand for itself in =
consequence of revaluation of the uppermost values.
Which means that at least one of the planks of the "break" looks a =
little shaky (we have not even examined this question of the Ewige =
Wiederkunft and Wille zur Macht from the perspective of the supposedly =
post-break lectures, though no doubt this also would be fruitful - just =
some preliminary searching suggests that, superficially at least, the =
Will to Power in one of the last lecture series - Europaeischer =
Nihilismus - continues to be characterised in the same way).
Why do I need help? Because I cannot "see" the basis of the break. =
Which is to say that the "break" is serving a hermeneutic of Heidegger =
about which I am as yet unconvinced. Is the metamorphosis of Eternal =
Return which you assert exclusive, or are there many "masks" being borne =
by the same - even a selfsame? (which is to say, I can find the word =
Ereignis attached to every single major characterisation of Heidegger's =
Nietzsche interpretation, but I do not for a moment think that what is =
named by das Ereignis is metamorphising).
Your post suggests that "enframing" (by which I assume you mean das =
Gestell) is named in the Nietzsche lectures. Can you reference this for =
me? I have to confess I can't find it. On the other hand, I can find a =
largely worked out version of the critique of technology both in the =
1943 summary Nietzsches Wort Gott ist Tot (cf Holzwege, trans in "The =
Question Concerning Technology") and also in the two lecture courses in =
Gesamtausgabe 50 (Nietzsche) dating variously from 1941 and 1944-45 (no =
translation).
Finally, I am convinced that it is a mistake to see Heidegger as ever =
being "anti-metaphysical" in the sense of his seeing metaphysics as "the =
enemy" (to quote you) - though he is often critical, and sometimes =
sharp, he is also concerned with metaphysics. Part of his project would =
seem to be that when I become properly concerned with metaphysics, I =
pass beyond it (if you see the pun). The question might be if "beyond" =
means up or down, forward or back. (It is never forward.)
Just a pointer. I interpret the curious phrase in the later lecture Zur =
Seinsfrage (Trans "The Question of Being") "die Bewegung des Nihilismus" =
["The movement of Nihilism] as a direct reference to National Socialism. =
The question it seems to me is still open - at what point did Heidegger =
decide that National Socialism was *no different* to American capitalism =
or Stalinism - ie that Nazism itself was *also* Nihilism? [for some =
hints on this, have you read the remarkable condemnations of America and =
Russia in the 1935 lecture course Einfuehrung in die Metaphysik - trans =
"An Introduction to Metaphysics"?]
I look forward to hearing from you.
Laurence.
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